Valley of Flowers National Park (India) Show map of IndiaValley of Flowers National Park is an, located in North, in the state of and is known for its meadows of alpine flowers and the variety of flora. This richly diverse area is also home to rare and endangered animals, including the, red fox,. Birds found in the park include pheasant and other high altitude birds.
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At 3352 to 3658 meters above sea level, the gentle landscape of the Valley of Flowers National Park complements the rugged mountain wilderness of to the east. Together, they encompass a unique transition zone between the mountain ranges of the.
The park stretches over an expanse of 87.50 km 2 and it is about 8 km long and 2 km wide. Both parks are encompassed in the (223,674 ha) which is further surrounded by a buffer zone (5,148.57 km 2). Nanda Devi National Park is in the UNESCO. Contents.High altitude valley The Valley of Flowers is a high-altitude Himalayan valley that has long been acknowledged by renowned mountaineers, botanists, and in literature. It has been recognized internationally for over a century and is referenced in the.
Local people have visited the valley since ancient times. Indian are known to have visited the valley for meditation.
The Valley of Flowers has many different colourful flowers, taking on various shades of colours as time progressed. The valley was declared a in 1982 and now it is a World Heritage Site.The Valley of Flowers has gained importance as a region containing a diversity of alpine flora, representative of the. The rich diversity of species reflects the valley's location within a transition zone between the and ranges to the north and south, respectively, and between the and Western Himalaya flora. A number of plant species are considered. Several have not been recorded outside of Uttarakhand. Two have not been recorded in Nanda Devi National Park. The diversity of threatened species of medicinal plants is higher than has been recorded in other Indian Himalayan protected areas.
The entire lies within the Western Himalayas Endemic Bird Area (EBA). The Valley of Flowers National Park is the second core zone of the.
Seven restricted-range bird species are endemic to this part of the EBA. Valley of Flowers (VoF) Location The Valley of Flowers is nestled in the upper expanses of Bhyundar Ganga near Joshimath in Garhwal region.
The lower reaches of Bhyundar Ganga near Gobindghat are known as Bhyundar Valley. The Valley of Flowers is in the Pushpawati valley 23 km north-northwest of Nanda Devi Park, It lies between 30° 41' to 30° 48'N and 79° 33' to 79° 46'E.The Valley is 20 km northwest of across the wide valley of the Bhyundar Ganga. It is one of two hanging valleys lying at the head of the Bhyundar valley, the other being the shorter valley which runs parallel some 10 km south. It runs east-west approximately 15 km by an average of 6 km wide, in the basin of the Pushpawati river, a small tributary flowing from the Tipra glacier which descends from Gauri Parbat in the east.The area lies on the range of the Himalayas with the highest point in the national park being at 6,719 m above sea level. Memorial graveThe place was little known to the outside world due to its inaccessibility.
In 1931, and, all British mountaineers, lost their way while returning from a successful expedition to Mt. And happened upon the valley, which was full of flowers. They were attracted to the beauty of the area and named it the 'Valley of Flowers.' Frank Smythe later authored a book of the same name.In 1939,(21 February 1885 – 4 July 1939) a botanist deputed by the, arrived at the valley to study flowers and while traversing some rocky slopes to collect flowers, she slipped off and lost her life. Her sister later visited the valley and erected a memorial near the spot.Prof., a botanist deputed by the Wildlife Institute of India, carried out a research study on the and of the valley for a decade, beginning in 1993.
He made an inventory of 520 alpine plants exclusively growing in this national park and authored two important books - 'The Valley of Flowers - Myth and Reality' and 'Ecology and Conservation of the Valley of Flowers National Park, Garhwal Himalaya. Timeline 1862: The Pushpawati Valley was discovered by Col.
One of the streams that cuts the trek routeGetting to the Valley of Flowers requires a trek of about 17 km (10.5 mi). The nearest major town is in, which has convenient road connections from and, both about 270 km (168 mi) from Joshimath. From Delhi, one can take the train to Haridwar and then travel by bus to Govindghat via Rishikesh.
Govindghat is approximately 24 km before another important destination of. It is also possible to drive from Delhi to Govindghat, a distance of about 500 km.Govindghat is a small place close to Joshimath (around one hour distance), where the trek begins. From Govindghat, shared taxis up to 4 km and then a trek of less than 11 km (8.6 mi) brings trekkers to, a small settlement located about 3 km (about 2 mi) from the valley. One can also hire a porter, mule or helicopter to reach Ghangaria. The trek from Govindghat to Ghangaria is common to the Sikh Temple at and a trekker is likely to find many Sikh pilgrims on the route.
As one nears Ghangaria one is greeted by fields of perfumed wild flowers, wild rose bushes and wild strawberries by the sides of the path. The visitors to Valley of Flowers need to get a permit from Forest Department, at Ghangaria and the permit is valid for three days and visiting and trekking is allowed only during day time.
As visitors are not allowed to stay inside the National park, accommodation can be obtained at Ghangaria. The best time to visit is between July and early September, when the valley is full of flowers, just after the outbreak of monsoon. Vegetation. Rushing out of the Valley of FlowersThe valley has three sub-alpine between 3,200m and 3,500m which is the limit for trees, lower alpine between 3,500m and 3,700m, and higher alpine above 3,700m. The habitats include valley bottom, river bed, small forests, meadows, eroded, scrubby and stable slopes, moraine, plateau, bogs, stone desert and caves.
The lower surrounding hills in the buffer zone are thickly forested. The Forest Research Institute in 1992 recorded 600 species of angiosperms and 30 pteridophytes in the valley and surroundings, discovering 58 new records for the valley of which 4 were new for Himalayan state. Of these plants, 5 out of 6 species globally threatened are not found in or elsewhere in: Aconitum falconeri, A. Balfouri, Himalayan maple ( Acer caesium), the blue Himalayan poppy ( Meconopsis aculeata) and Saussurea atkinsoni. Kala classified 31 species of rare and endangered categories within the national park in 1998.
Further his studies report that the dominant family in Valley of Flowers is Asteraceae with 62 species. 45 medicinal plants are used by local villagers and several species, such as Saussurea obvallata (brahmakamal) are collected as religious offerings to goddesses. The site is designated a Centre of Plant Diversity.Characteristic of the sub-alpine zone are high altitude forests which help to retain moisture and snow and support a large number of floral and faunal communities. It is dominated by the uncommon Himalayan maple Acer caesium (VU), west Himalayan fir Abies pindrow, Himalayan white birch Betula utilis, and Rhododendron campanulatum with Himalayan yew Taxus wallichiana, Syringa emodi. Some of the common herbs are Arisaema jacquemontii, Boschniakia himalaica, Corydalis cashmeriana, Polemonium caerulium, Polygonum polystachyum (a rampant tall weed), Impatiens sulcata, Geranium wallichianum, Galium aparine, Morina longifolia, Inula grandiflora, Nomochoris oxypetala, Anemone rivularis, Pedicularis pectinata, P. Bicornuta, Primula denticulate and Trillidium govanianum.
In trampled areas where past livestock congregated, Himalayan knotweed Polygonum polystachium is a rampant weed.Animals. The density of wild animals in the valley is not high, but all the animals found are rare or endangered. A total 13 species of mammals are recorded for the park by CP Kala and its vicinity although only he sighted 9 species directly: Semnopithecus entellus, Petaurista petaurista, Ursus thibetanus (VU), Vulpes vulpes, Mustela sibirica, and Himalayan Martes flavigula, Naemorhedus goral, Moschus leucogaster, Moschiola indica, Hemitragus jemlahicus (VU) and Capricornis sumatraensis (VU). The tahr is common, the serow, goral, musk deer and, blue sheep are rare. The common Panthera pardus is reported from lower parts of the valley closer to the villages.
Local people have also reported evidence of Ursus arctos and bharal or blue sheep Pseudois nayaur. A recent faunal survey in October 2004 has established the presence of Panthera uncia (EN) in the national park. The area is within the West Himalayan Endemic Bird Area but there have been no surveys specific to the Valley. 114 species were seen in 1993 in Nanda Devi Park.
Species frequently seen in the valley include lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus, Himalayan vulture Gyps himalayensis, and Pyrrhocorax graculus and P. Pyrrhocorax, Pucrasia macrolopha, the nationally listed pheasant Lophophorus impejanus, found in thickets, and Picus squamatus and P. Flavinucha, and Megalaima virens and M. Asiatica, Columba leuconota and Stigmatopelia chinensis.
The area is relatively poor in reptiles: most often seen are the high altitude lizard, Himalayan ground skink Leiolopisma himalayana and Himalayan pit viper. Along with the flowers are wild bees and many species of butterfly which need to be more researched. A few of the more evident species are lime butterfly demoleus, common yellow swallowtail, common Mormon romulus, spangle protenor and common blue apollo hardwickei.Flowers The Flowers was surveyed and inventoried in 1987 by the, in 1992 by the and in 1997 by the which found five species new to science.A research nursery and seed/rhizome/tuber bank for propagating rare plants and valuable medicinal herbs has been created at Musadhar near the entrance of the site. Rare and valuable medicinal plantsare the subject of special programs.
These include Aconitum heterophyllum, A. Falconeri, Arnebia benthamii, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Gymnadenia orchides, Megacarpaea polyandra, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Podophyllum hexandrum and Taxus wallichiana. Research plots have been set up to determine the best way to control the spread of the tall Himalayan knotweed Polygonum polystachium without damaging other plants or the surface of the soil. A first annual survey was conducted in 2004 and will be repeated annually.Flowers mostly, primulas, and anemones carpet the ground. Forests of and cover parts of the park's area.
A decade long study of Prof. From 1993 onwards concludes that the Valley of Flowers endows with 520 species of higher plants (, and ), of these 498 are. The park has many species of medicinal plants including Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Aconitum violaceum, Polygonatum multiflorum, Fritillaria roylei and. ^ Gopal K.Bhargava, ed. Bhatt (2006). Delhi: Kalpaz publ.
Pp. 208, 209. CS1 maint: extra text: authors list.
^ Edited by Richard W. Butler, and Douglas G.Pearce; Butler, Richard W.
London: Routledge. CS1 maint: extra text: authors list. ^ N. Ulysses and Tabish, Thingnam Girija. Flowers of India. Retrieved 5 June 2013. Archived from on 10 July 1997.
Retrieved 20 July 2018. Tigunait, Rajmani (2001). Honesdale, Pa.: Himalayan Institute. The Times of India. 22 July 2012.
Retrieved 5 June 2013. 30 May 2013 at the, 1900-1949. Retrieved 5 June 2013. ^ Chandra Prakash Kala. Down to Earth. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
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Chandra Prakash Kala. Down to Earth. Retrieved 15 June 2002. Lamba, B. Status survey report of fauna: Nanda Devi National Park. Records of the Zoological.
Survey of India Occasional Paper No. 50 pp. ^ Valley of Flowers, Article by Asif N Khan in Hornbill April–June 2015 P.p. 10-15, Bombay Natural History Society. Sanctuary Asia Magazine.
Retrieved 8 June 2013. Kala, CP 1998. Ecology and Conservation of Alpine Meadows in the Valley of Flowers National Park, Garhwal Himalaya. Forest Research Institute, Dehradun. ^. Kala, C.P.
2004., India. Biodiversity and Conservation, 13 (5): 985-995.
Kala, C.P. 'A multifaceted review on the biodiversity conservation of the Valley of Flowers National Park, India'. International Journal of Biodiversity Science and Management. 1 (1): 25–32. Kala, C.P.
(2005) Conservation Biology, 19 (2): 368-378. ^ Kala, C.P. (2004) Distribution pattern and conservation status of mammals and birds in the Valley of Flowers National Park and its vicinity, Uttaranchal.
Himalayan Biosphere Reserves, 6: 91-102. Kala, C.P. Current Science. 89 (6): 919–920. Kala, C.P.
The Valley of Flowers; Myth and Reality. International Book Distributors, Dehradun, IndiaExternal links Wikimedia Commons has media related to.
Millions of people around the globe tuned in to see tie the knot in 2018. The lavish ceremony, which was held in St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle, seemed to have all the makings of a fairy tale.The with some of the biggest names in entertainment on the guest list including Sir Elton John, George Clooney, Oprah Winfrey, Priyanka Chopra, Idris Elba, and the Beckhams. The event also featured a wedding party with a future king and a princess. But it’s now being reported that the church flowers could have posed a serious risk to and the other young children who took part in the big day. (L) Princess Charlotte Jane Barlow – WPA Pool/Getty Images, (R) Meghan Markle Ben STANSALL – WPA Pool/Getty Images Flowers arrangements used in Harry and Markle’s weddingThe s flower arrangements on her wedding day were put together by, who specializes in utilizing seasonal flowers to create floral displays.A variety of flowers such as scented sweet peas, lily of the valley, astilbe, jasmine, astrantia, and sprigs of myrtle were chosen.
Prince Harry also made sure to pay tribute to, by handpicking Forget-Me-Nots. Those were her favorite flowers and came from the garden at Kensington Palace. The flower crowns were dangerous to Charlotte and the other childrenRoyal fans recall that the Duke of Sussex’s, and, were in the wedding party.
But the flower crown Prince William and Kate Middleton’s daughter wore could have been harmful to her as well as the other young bridesmaids who had them on. Princess Charlotte Ben STANSALL – WPA Pool/Getty Images, those crowns made of “spray flowers, lily of the valley, lisianthus, and cuscus,” can pose a threat to kids because lily of the valley is “highly poisonous.”“These woodland flowers are native to Eurasia but have become very popular landscape plants in North America and many other regions. However, behind their cute exterior and pleasant scent lies a potential villain,” said Certified Urban Agriculturist Bonnie L. Grant.She added that “lily of the valley toxicity makes it unsafe to have around children and pets. The plant is so dangerous that ingestion could result in a trip to the emergency room, or in rare cases death.”Grant also noted that “All parts of the plant are considered potentially toxic” as it “contains over 30 cardiac glycosides, many of which inhibit the heart’s pumping activity,” and can be considered safe in a home with no children or pets.
Other royal brides have used the same flowers Prince William and Kate Middleton’s wedding Chris Jackson/Getty Images)Given that information you may be wondering why the former actress and Prince Harry incorporated those flowers at all. Well, turns out they’re not the only ones.Charlotte’s mother as well as Princess Eugenie, and Camilla Parker-Bowles all opted for the poisonous flowers when they got married too.The palace has not commented on the matter at this time.Read more.
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